|
Dutton Speedwords, sometimes called ''rapmotz'' , is an international auxiliary language as well a shorthand writing system for all the language of the world. It was invented by Reginald J. G. Dutton (1886–1970) in 1922. It was first published in 1935 under the title ''International Symbolic Script'' and a year later using the name ''Speedwords''. Revisions were made and published in 1946 and 1951. The dual function of being both an international language and a shorthand system was intended as a way of encouraging more people to see the value of the method. The original Dutton Speedwords manuals are now out of print, but the method has seen a revival since the start of the 21st century, as its applications on online work have become noted, such as the benefit of using a shorthand method for typing e-mail. Unlike other shorthand methods, such as Pitman's shorthand, the Speedwords method uses ordinary Roman letters to represent the semantic qualities of words rather than using new symbols. This means it can be typed using a normal keyboard. The vocabulary of Speedwords uses many international words and compressed forms of the writer's own language. Dutton claimed that Speedwords was "the first abbreviated writing invention in history which at once transcribes all languages",〔 though really its lexicon only fits the English it was patterned after. Dutton conceived Speedwords not only as a system of shorthand but as an auxiliary spoken language; thus, he provided rules of pronunciation. ==Lexicon== The principle behind the choice of word roots of Dutton Speedwords is the maxim that frequently used words should be shorter than seldom-used words in order to speed up communication (see information theory). There are 493 one-, two- and three-letter roots. The 46 most frequent English words are equated with 27 one-letter Speedword roots: :''a'' "at, to" (< French ''à'') :''b'' "but, butt" (< English) :''c'' "this" (< French ''ce'') :''d'' "of, from" (< French ''de'') :''e'' "to be, is, am, are" (< French ''est'') :''f'' "for" (< English) :''g'' "they, them" :''h'' "has, have" (< English?) :''i'' "in, within" (< English) :''j'' "I, me" (< French ''je'') :''k'' "that" () (< French ''que'') :''l'' "the" (< French ''le'') :''m'' "with" (< German ''mit'') :''n'' "no, not" (< English) :''o'' "on" (< English) :''p'' "can, to be able" (< French ''peut'') :''q'' "do (question particle), question, query" (< English) :''r'' "will, shall" (< ?) :''s'' "he, him" (< French ''se'') ::''sh'' "she, her" (< English) :''t'' "it" (< English) :''u'' "a, an, one" (< Latin ''unus'') :''v'' "you" (< French ''vous'') :''w'' "we, us" (< English) :''x'' "whether, if" :''y'' "was, were" :''z'' "as, then" (< English? "zen"?) :''&'' "and" (< English) Some two- and three-letter words are :good -- ''gu'' :know -- ''sa'' :love -- ''am'' :beautiful -- ''bel'' :language -- ''lin'' :game, play -- ''lud'' (Note that all but the first of these examples are taken from Latin roots —''sapio'', ''amo'', ''bellus'', ''lingua'', ''ludus''—as are "room" and "sleep" below—''camera'' and ''dormio''—while "good" and the root for "air" below come from German: ''gut'', ''luft''.) The few hundred roots are combined through the use of affixes to expand vocabulary. For example: the affix ''-a'' indicates an unfavorable connotation to the root-word; thus, ''bixy'' = kill, ''bixya'' = murder. Some compounds appear fanciful, or at least not immediately transparent, such as ''ky + luf'' (eat + air) to mean "picnic". Grammatical features include the use of single letters (as opposed to verb conjugations) to indicate tense; the letter ''r'' indicates future tense and ''y'' indicates past. Thus, ''j sa'' = I know, ''j ysa'' = I knew, ''j r sa'' = I will know. Nouns and verbs have the same form (as do many English words: the light, I light, etc.) as do adverbs and adjectives (''bel'' = "beautiful" and "beautifully"). Compounds follow a headnoun-modifier sequence, as in ''ca + dor'' (room + sleep) = bedroom. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Dutton Speedwords」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|